Background: In the production of hot quark gluon plasma in high-energy heavy-ion collisions, the charmonium binding in the deconfined interior is prevented by color screening. The formation of deconfining plasma was found as a signature of reduction of the charmonium (a bound state of charm and anticharm quark) production. A significant amount of charm suppression has been observed in heavy-ion collisions $\left(p\text{−}A\right)$ in various experimental investigations. Some of the issues are still not clear in this area of research, such as the study of hadronic properties in dense nuclear matter, the deconfinement phase transition from hadronic to quark gluon matter, etc. We follow up on the recently published work of Jamal et al. [M. Y. Jamal, I. Nilima, V. Chandra, and V. K. Agotiya, Phys. Rev. D 97, 094033 (2018)]; in this work the authors calculated the properties of quarkonia [i.e., potential, binding energy, and dissociation temperature (using thermal width criteria)] in the presence of temperature and anisotropy.

Purpose: To investigate the properties of quarkonia, namely, potential, binding energy, mass spectra, dissociation temperature (using thermal width and thermal energy criteria), and thermodynamical properties of quark gluon plasma (i.e., pressure, energy density, and speed of sound) in the presence of baryonic chemical potential $\left({\mu }_b\right)$ and anisotropy $\left(\xi \right)$.

Methods: The properties of quarkonia and the thermodynamical properties of quark gluon plasma (QGP) are calculated by using the quasiparticle approach with ${\mu }_b$ in hot quantum chromodynamics medium. The medium modified form of heavy-quark potential at finite values of ${\mu }_b$ and $\xi$ is considered. The calculations have been done by considering the real and imaginary parts of the potential with a static gluon propagator. The real part of the potential has been used in solving the Schrödinger equation to obtain the binding energy of quarkonia, and the imaginary part gives rise to the thermal width of heavy quarkonia.

Results: The binding energy and the dissociation temperature of $S$ states of charmonia and bottomonia for $n=1$ and $n=2$ (radial quantum number) and the mass spectra of $1S$ states of quarkonia with the effects of ${\mu }_b$ and $\xi$ were calculated. The thermodynamical properties of QGP using the parameters $\xi$ and ${\mu }_b$ were also determined. It was noticed that, with an increase in the value of ${\mu }_b$, the values of the associated properties of quarkonia decrease. On the other hand, by increasing the value of $\xi$, the values of the properties of quarkonia increase. The extracted values of mass spectra and the variation of thermodynamical properties of QGP are also compared with the recently published theoretical and experimental data and a reasonable agreement between these values is observed.

Conclusions: We have studied the properties of quarkonium state (i.e., $1S$ and $2S$-states) and the thermodynamical properties of QGP with ${\mu }_b$ and $\xi$ in hot and dense quantum chromodynamics medium. Finally with this, we may conclude that the obtained result (mention in result section) might be helpful for enhancing studies of the highly dense object (because Compressed Baryonic Matter experiment at the Facility for Anti-proton and ion Research in exploring QGP at higher baryon densities).

• Received 27 July 2023
• Revised 18 September 2023
• Accepted 23 October 2023

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.109.024905

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Published by the American Physical Society